Loud Laws

The following is a break-down of the Loud Laws that show the loud-shifts from Or-Ind-Europish through to New English.

Or-Ind-Europish to Ortheedish

y loud written as j (in today's writing)
Hundredening: Mouthroofened noseflap samedsweyers unmouthroofen into noseflap samedsweyers
u eked before staffayish r, l, m, and n (this must have happened before Throaty samedsweyers became dull e, see the word
Two toothy samedsweyers next to each other turn into a twinned s
Twinned samedsweyers shorten after another samedsweyer or a long cleeper
Long cleepers become overlong when at the end of a word
Throaty samedsweyers go away at the beginning of a word when they are followed by another samedsweyer
E-huening: e becomes a or o when next to h₂ or h₃, in turn
Throaty samedsweyers go away at the beginning of a word when they are followed by a cleeper.
Cleepers followed by throaty samedsweyers lengthen, making the throaty samedsweyers go away in the doing so.
Cowgill's law: h₃ becomes g when between a ringing samedsweyer and w.
The throaty samedsweyers that are left become dull e (/ə/)
noseflap samedsweyers followed by w become lip-and-noseflap samedsweyers
lip-and-noseflap samedsweyers lose their lippedness next to a u, after a un, or before a t.
Short cleepers which are not high are lost at the end of a word
Grimm's Law: all whispered stops become hisses, all spoken stops become whispered, and all breathy samedsweyers lose their breathiness and become spoken stops/hisses
Verner's Law: hisses, inning s, become spoken after a beatless cleeper.
The beat goes to the first staffay
Gw becomes b
Ringing samedsweyer likening: nw becomes nn, ln becomes ll, and zm becomes mm. Whether or not it happens all the time with two Ringing samedsweyer or only in these times is beyond me.
beatless owo becomes long o
Ew becomes ow when beatless and before a samedsweyer or the end of the word
e becomes i when beatless, unless there is an r after it.
beatless ji and iji become i and long i, in turn
O becomes a
M becomes n at the end of a word, and before toothy samedsweyers
Nosely samedsweyers go away at the end of a word, but they nosen any cleeper before it.
Long nosened e becomes a long nosened a
Dull e goes away between samedsweyers
Any left-over dull e's become a
t goes away at the end of a word, when following an beatless staffay
gw becomes w, although it sometimes stays as g (such as when following n)
long (and overlong) a become o
Early umblouding: e becomes i when there is an i or j in the next staffay. Ei also becomes long i.
E becomes i before an n which ends a staffay
E becomes a before r
J goes away between cleepers (unless the cleeper before is i)
A nosely samedsweyer goes away before h, but it nosens and lengthens a cleeper before it

Ortheedish to Or-Northwest-Theedish

Umbloud: A, o, and u, become æ, ø, and y, when there is an i or j in the next staffay
U becomes o when there is a Not-High cleeper in the next staffay. This law seems to not always happen.
Long cleepers shorten at the end of a word
Overlong cleepers become long cleepers at the end of a word
beatless glides become only one cleeper: ai becomes long e, and au becomes long o

Northwest-Theedish to West-Theedish

z goes away at the end of a word
Roadening: z becomes r.
West Theedish Twinning: lone samedsweyers other than r twin before j, taking away the j by doing so.

West-Theedish to Engle-Frise

Ing's Nose-then-hiss law: nosely samedsweyers go away before hisses, lengthening and nosening a cleeper before.
Engle-Frise Brightening: a becomes æ, unless followed by a twinned samedsweyer or by a back cleeper in the next staffay
Æ and a, inning nosened a, are lost at the end of a word

Engle-Frise to Old English

Breaking: eke an u before a h, w, r, or l, when the samedsweyer follows a cleeper. This law seems to be more sundry about the fall and wends on the cleeper at hand as well as the samedsweyer
Cleeper height matching: the height of a glide stays the same as the first cleeper after this law happens. For a bisen, eu becomes eo, æu becomes æa (written ea), so on and so forth.
A-Beeting: æ into a with a back cleeper in the next staffay
Mouthroofening: k, g, ɣ (a sunderloud of g), and sk become /tʃ, dʒ, ʝ, ʃ/ in some falls when next to a front cleeper. It wends from samedsweyer to samedsweyer
- k, g, ɣ, and sk all mouthroofen before i and j, and also when after i and before anything but a back cleeper.
- word-starting k and all ɣ mouthroofen before any front cleeper and any glide
- ɣ and sk mouthroofen after any other front cleeper when not followed by a back cleeper
- sk always mouthroofens at the start of a word, even before a back cleeper
- Mouthroofening treats ø and y not as front cleepers but as back cleepers instead, which makes some think that umbloud happened after mouthroofening
Umbloud: a, o, and u become æ, ø, and y, in turn, when there is an i or j in the next staffay, although a becomes e before a nosely samedsweyer. ea and eo become ie, which may have been outspoken as /iy/ and then /y:/
Near-cleeper loss: i and u are lost at the end of a word after all but short staffays.
Loss of j and ij after a long staffay
H-loss: h is lost between cleepers and between a cleeper and either r or l. The cleeper before is lengthened.
Cleeper Likening: The from is not too sheer on what happened to the cleepers, however, it says that two cleepers next to each other fay into a long cleeper.
Back wending: short e, i, and a (although a in Mercian only), are "sometimes" broken into eo, io (/iu/) and ea, in turn
Mouthroofy Umbloud: e, eo, and io become i before hs and ht (as in the words right and six)
cleepers wend in beatless staffays:
- long o becomes a in word-ending staffays
- æ and i become e in word-ending staffays
- u becomes o in word-ending staffays, unless it ends the word itself.
- a, æ, and e go away in beatless staffays that do not end the word.
- i and u go away after a long staffay when not in a word-ending staffay
- i and u become e otherwise when after a short staffay and not in a word-ending staffay
ø unrounds to e
cleepers shorten before 3 samedsweyer
iu (written io) lowers into eo
g hardens into /g/ at the start of a word

Old English to Middle English

Same-stead Lengthening: cleepers lengthen before some samedsweyer clusters, such as ld, mb, nd, rd, unless followed by a third samedsweyer, since that would not follow the shortening before clusters of three. It also seems to only happen to a, i, and u.
Fore-Cluster Shortening: cleepers shorten when before clusters of two samedsweyers, unless the cluster is one of the ones that lengthens a cleepers in Same-stead lengthening, or if the cluster is /st/. Since /tʃ/ and /dʒ/ are stops followed by hisses, they are inned as clusters.
Glide Smoothing: ea and eo become æ and ø, in turn. Length is kept from the glide to the new cleepers
y unrounds
Long æ and long a become long ɛ and long ɔ, in turn
Short æ becomes a.
ø unrounds
/ɣ/ becomes w and j, w around back cleepers, and j around front cleepers
Middle English Breaking: put in w or j before a h after a cleeper.
New glides: a cleeper followed by w or j then followed by a samedsweyer becomes short if it was long, and makes a new glide.
ei becomes long i
ou becomes long u
eu becomes iu
ai becomes ɛi
Open staffay lengthening: cleepers lengthen when in an open staffay. This law seems to still happen even if the next staffay's cleeper is a staffayish samedsweyer, as it does in the word "raven" (Old English hræfn).
long u seems to shorten when followed by only an m before the next cleeper, as it does in the word "thumb"
Three-staffay shortening: cleepers shorten when followed by two staffays.
Leftover beatless cleepers become dull e (/ə/)
Dull e is lost in word-ending staffays.
hr, hl, and hn become r, l, and n, at the beginning of a word.
sw becomes s before a back cleeper
mb becomes m
ts (from Norman French mouthroofened c) becomes s.

After Middle English

H-loss: the loud now written as gh, /x/, before written as h, is lost.
al and ɔl become aul and ɔul, in turn, when followed by a tungtip samedsweyer, k, or the end of a word
al loses the l before f or v, though it stays in writing
al and ɔl become ɑ: and o: before m
The Great Cleeper Shift:
- ī and ū become əi and əu, in turn
- ā, ɛ:, ē, ɔ:, and ō become ɛ:, ē, ī, ō, ū, in turn
- au becomes ɔ:
- əi and əu become aɪ and aʊ, in turn
short ɔ lowers to ɒ
ē and ū become ɛ and ʊ sometimes, most of the time when it does happen, it's before a toothy samedsweyers.
Meet-Meat faying: ɛ: and ē shift to ē and ī, in turn
a becomes /ɒ/ following w
wr is outspoken as r at the beginning of a word
Twinned samedsweyers become only one.
ɛi and ē become eɪ (pane-pain faying), and ɔu and ō become oʊ (toe-tow faying)
a become ɑ: before r and sometimes before hisses (as in the word "father"). This may have ended up becoming the trap-bath split.
y (from french), ɛu, and iu become ju:
ɔi and ui become oɪ
foot-strut split: short u becomes ʊ, which further lowers into ʌ unless it has a lipped samedsweyer before it and something other than a noseflap samedsweyer after it.
Father-Bother Faying: not all speakers have this wending, but for some (mostly in America), ɒ merges with ɑ.
Happy-tightening: ɪ (from short i) is outspoken as i at the end of a word.